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2023 1

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免疫抑制 1

分批试验 1

动力学研究 1

厌氧处理 1

施马伦贝格病毒 1

沼气 1

牛疱疹病毒1型 1

牛疱疹病毒4型 1

牛病毒性腹泻病毒 1

牛粪 1

胚胎死亡率 1

蓝舌病毒 1

香蕉皮 1

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Performance analysis of solar still with cow dung cakes and blue metal stones

Hitesh N. PANCHAL

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 180-186 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0361-y

摘要： The aims of this paper is to investigate the effects of various materials inside the solar still on the increase of the productivity of potable water. Here, blue metal stones and cow dung cakes were used as materials. To investigate their effect, three identical solar stills with an effective area of 1 m square made from locally available materials were tested in climate conditions of Mehsana (23°50′ N 72° 23′). The first and second solar stills were filled with blue metal, stones and cow dung cakes, while the third one was taken as a reference which consisted of only blue paint at the basin. The experiments show that blue metal stones have the highest distillate output at daytime, followed by cow dung cakes solar still and reference solar still. On the other hand, the overall distillate output of blue metal stones and cow dung cakes at daytime as well as at night were 35% and 20% compared with that of reference solar still.

关键词： blue metal stones cow dung cakes distillate output solar still solar intensity

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NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第3期页码 458-467 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023500

摘要：

● Gasification of cow dung was evaluated using Aspen Plus software.

关键词： Aspen Plus biomass gasification manure of livestock and poultry simulation syngas

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Modeling temperature and moisture dependent emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from drying dairy cow

Enzhu HU, Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR, Markus TULLER, Scott B. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 280-286 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018215

摘要： Greenhouse gas emissions due to biological degradation processes of animal wastes are significant sources of air pollution from agricultural areas. The major environmental controls on these microbe-induced gas fluxes are temperature and moisture content. The objective of this study was to model the effects of temperature and moisture content on emissions of CO and CH during the ambient drying process of dairy manure under controlled conditions. Gas emissions were continuously recorded over 15 d with paired fully automated closed dynamic chambers coupled with a Fourier Transformed Infrared gas analyzer. Water content and temperature were measured and monitored with capacitance sensors. In addition, on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, pH, moisture content, dissolved organic carbon and total carbon (TC) were determined. An empirical model derived from the Arrhenius equation confirmed high dependency of carbon emissions on temperature and moisture content. Results indicate that for the investigated dairy manure, 6.83% of TC was lost in the form of CO and 0.047% of TC was emitted as CH . Neglecting the effect of temperature, the moisture contents associated with maximum gas emissions were estimated as 0.75 and 0.79 g·g for CO and CH , respectively.

关键词： carbon dioxide dairy manure methane moisture temperature

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The relationship between progesterone and Th-related cytokines in plasma during early pregnancy in cows

Lei CHENG,Youdong XIN,Xiaohua LIU,Xiuzhong HU,Min XIANG,Dingfa WANG,Shuhong ZHAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 147-152 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016099

摘要： In cows, progesterone (P4) is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and successful embryo development is dependent on the maternal immunomodulation of Th-related cytokines. However, investigation of the relationship between P4 and Th immunity in cattle remains incomplete. Therefore, we evaluated plasma P4 concentrations and expressions of three Th-related cytokines, interleukins IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-6, in 15 pregnant and 11 non-pregnant cows 0, 14, 18, 21, and 28 d post artificial insemination. Pregnant cows had significantly higher plasma P4 levels and pregnant cows with higher P4 on 14 d tended to have higher P4 in the subsequent period of pregnancy. There was no difference in IL-4 and IL-6 expression between pregnant cows and non-pregnant cows, whereas plasma IL-1β was temporally upregulated on 21 d. The cytokines measured were not affected in either the high-P4 group (>11.1 ng·mL ) or the low-P4 group (<11.1 ng·mL ) in pregnant cows. A weak negative correlation between IL-1β and IL-6 was observed, but none of the cytokines was associated with a change in plasma P4. In conclusion, there was no clear relationship between P4 and Th immunity in maternal plasma in the pregnant cows, which differs from what occurs in humans and mice during early pregnancy.

关键词： dairy cow progesterone pregnancy cytokine

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通过厌氧分批处理香蕉皮提高沼气产量 Article

Spyridon Achinas, Janneke Krooneman, Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 970-978 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.036

摘要：

废物处置和能源危机是大多数国家面临的重要挑战。水果加工业每天产生数吨废物，其中大部分来自香蕉农场。厌氧消化（AD）技术已被应用于废水、污泥、食物垃圾和农业剩余物的处理，其主要目的是生产能源和消除废物。本研究探讨有机负荷（OL）和牛粪（CM）添加对处理香蕉皮废料（BPW）时AD性能的影响。在OL为每升18 g和22 g挥发性固体（gvs）时，CM含量为10%、20%和30%的香蕉皮（BP）每日最大沼气产量分别为50.20 mL·g_vs^–1、48.66 mL·g_vs^–1、62.78 mL·g_vs^–1和40.49 mL·g_vs^–1、29.57 mL·g_vs^–1、46.54 mL·g_vs^–1。然而，每日沼气产量与OL或CM含量没有明显的相关性。此外，动力学分析表明，一阶模型和锥体模型的动力学参数受工艺参数的影响。

关键词：沼气香蕉皮牛粪厌氧处理分批试验动力学研究

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病毒性疾病对奶牛繁殖力的重要影响 Review

D. Claire Wathes, Chike F. Oguejiofor, Carole Thomas, Zhangrui Cheng

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第1期页码 26-33 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020

摘要：

世界各地的牛群中有许多病毒性疾病是地方性疾病。许多病毒穿过胎盘并导致流产和胎儿畸形的能力是众所周知的。还有大量证据表明，病毒感染对于奶牛还有其他影响，反映在受胎率的降低上。但是，这些影响很大程度上取决于单个动物首次感染该疾病的时间，因此难以量化。本文介绍了5种可能影响奶牛繁殖力的病毒，以及它们的潜在作用机制。妊娠中期非细胞病变型牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV）的急性感染会使流产率升高或导致持续感染的犊牛出生。在临近配种期感染BVDV会直接影响卵巢和子宫内膜，导致发情周期不规律和早期胚胎死亡。BVDV诱发的免疫抑制也可能降低繁殖力，从而增加对细菌的易感性。牛疱疹病毒（bovine herpesvirus, BHV）-1型在青春期前的小母牛中最常见，会导致它们生长减缓，延迟繁殖并提高首次产犊的年龄，先前受感染的动物继而表现出繁殖力的降低。尽管这可能与肺损伤有关，但也有卵巢病变的相关报告。初次感染后，BHV-1和BHV-4都潜伏在宿主中，并且可能在以后由于应激而重新激活，如与产犊和早期泌乳有关的应激。虽然仅感染BHV-4可能不会降低繁殖力，但它似乎与已建立的细菌病原体（如大肠杆菌和化脓隐秘杆菌）共同作用，促进子宫内膜炎的发展并延迟产犊后母牛的子宫修复机制。施马伦贝格病毒（Schmallenberg virus, SBV）和蓝舌病病毒（bluetongue virus, BTV）均以昆虫作为媒介传播，导致流产率和先天畸形的增加。BTV-8同时还损害孵出囊泡的发育；此外，任何一种病毒在繁殖前后的感染基本都会降低受胎率。尽管受胎率的降低通常难以量化，但足以造成经济损失，这有助于衡量疫苗接种和根除方案的效益。

关键词：牛病毒性腹泻病毒牛疱疹病毒1型牛疱疹病毒4型施马伦贝格病毒蓝舌病毒免疫抑制胚胎死亡率